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考研英语二阅读技巧之实验调查论据和论点的识别

安徽华图教育 | 2023-12-20 15:37

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考研英语二阅读技巧之实验调查论据和论点的识别

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  同学们,我们已经学习了论据的主要类型,也知道了论点要在论据前面找。在我们考研英语二的阅读中,有一类论据是需要我们给予特别关注的,就是实验调查论据。跟随小编一起学习一下吧~

  实验调查论据的识别比较简单,可以借助一些比较明显的标志词,如study, research,survey,experiment,exercise。当句子中出现这样的标志词时,我们基本确定这就是实验调查论据了。同学们对于实验调查论据的识别不会出现问题,难点在于论点的推出。

  按照实验报告的写作思路,实验报告按照实验对象,操作过程,实验内容,实验结果,终得出结论。所以实验的结果是在实验调查论据的后面得出的,比如2017年英语二阅读的27题,根据题干中的food-testing exercise,定位到了文章中的第二段Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. 实验的结论在后面的句子中出现,也是我们解题的定位句,即研究人员发现使用手机设备的母亲与孩子的言语和非言语的互动减少,由此选定选项D reduce mother-child communication在这个题目中,识别出试验调查论据之后,是利用往后面找实验结论来解题。严格来讲,实验后面的句子是实验结论,并不是作者的观点。从理论上看,作者的观点可以与实验结论一致,也可以与实验结论相反,在我们的考研英语阅读中,目前只涉及一致的情况,如果出现相反的情况,就比较复杂了,需要分别识别论点和实验结论来解题。对于本题而言,如果我们同学尝试在food-testing exercise前面找作者观点,是找不到的。因而本题只能利用实验结论解题。

  同套题中的28题,与27题稍有不同,我们再来看一下。根据28题题干中关键词still face experiment,我们可以锁定文中的第三段Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky. 定位文章段落之后,后面的一句话“In it,…her mother’s attention.”是对实验内容的介绍,紧接着才是我们的实验结论,即“Parents don’t have to be …,says Radesky. ”从实验结论得出父母不需要时时刻刻关注孩子,但需要在孩子有情感表达需求时对孩子给予关注,由此选定答案D parents need to respond to children's emotional needs。除了上述方法之外,我们也可以利用论点来解题。依然是由题干定位到句子,识别出这是一个实验调查论据,依据论点在论据前,向前推一句是论点,即“infants are wired to … for the children”,如果孩子面对的是一张父母的面无表情脸,孩子也会觉得特别困惑尴尬,由此推出家长应该多关注孩子的情感表达,同样可以得出正确答案。但是对于这道题而言,正确选项是从家长的角度说明的,而论点是从孩子的角度叙述,需要我们同学再转个弯才能选对,不如去看实验结论更加直接。

  从上面的两个例题中,我们看到,尽管实验调查论据与其他种类的论据不同,涉及到论点和实验结论两个方面,但依然满足论据前面是论点的原理。在具体解题实践过程中,我们同学可以选择实验结论解题,也可以选择论点解题,但一定要注意论点与实验结论是否具有一致性的问题。​

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