考研英语中长难句结构划分
QW安徽考研01
考研英语翻译中长难句的结构划分不仅考查考生对英语语法理解与掌握,更重要的是考查考生长难句的分析能力。由此可见,长难句的结构划分在考研英语翻译中就显得尤为重要。那么今天英语老师将把考研英语长难句结构划分给大家做个梳理。
一、应抓住考研英语长难句的拆分点
(1)要明确拆分的目的,把英语长难句拆分的目的是把主句和从句拆分开来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开来,理清句子结构。
(2)英语句子的拆分点
1)标点符号,标点符号是英语句子当中为明显的切分标志,有几个典型的标点符号可以帮助我们迅速切分句子的意群。比如说双逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等。譬如,如果双逗号之间是介词短语或者是副词短语、或者双逗号前后是被分开的主谓结构,这时双逗号之间往往是插入语的成分,也就是说读句子时为了把握住主干结构,可以先跳过这个成分,从而提结构拆分的速度。破折号、冒号后面一般都是解释说明的部分,它们可以成为句子的拆分点。分号相当于and 把句子分成并列的意群,也是很好的拆分点。考生在读句子时应首先看看有没有这样的标点符号,从而更好地断句。
2)并列连词
考生一定搞清 and, or, but, yet, for 等都是并列连词是并列句的拆分点这些并列连词连接的是并列句。
3)从属连词
考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句,是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有:when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though,although, so that等名词性从句连接词有:that,whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where,how, why等定语从句的连接词有:who,which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。
4)动词不定式和分词不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语,可以用来做定语或者状语,可以是拆分点分词包括现在分词和过去分词,常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰,也可以是拆分点。
5)介词短语,由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语,所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。 以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方,但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构,进而更好地理解英语原文。但是,在拆分长难句的过程中,好不要把单的一个英语单词拆分出来,基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。考研英语考研试题中长难句拆分与表达的示例:This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail。
二、句子拆分
(1)拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally before seen ∥in detail。
(2)句子结构:
找谓语动词(began,came, wants, cannot be foreseen),找连词(when,that, that)前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词,确定主从句 ,主句This trend began during The Second World War从句:定语句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second Worl从 War本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(3)解析 :during the Second World War介词短语做状语,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War,that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion,that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(4)本句的参考译文:
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论?政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。 总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提了,长难句也就攻克了,考研翻译也就解决了。